'No nurses like the deaconesses'?: Protestant deaconesses and the medical marketplace in late-nineteenth-century England

Mangion, Carmen M. (2016) 'No nurses like the deaconesses'?: Protestant deaconesses and the medical marketplace in late-nineteenth-century England. In: Nolte, K. and Kreutzer, S. (eds.) Deaconesses in Nursing Care: International Transfer of a Female Model of Life and Work in the 19th and 20th Century. Medizin, Gesellschaft und Geschichte 62. Stuttgart, Germany: Franz Steiner Verlag, pp. 161-184. ISBN 9783515113557.

Abstract

Although deaconess life had its place in England from 1861, its growth in terms of numbers of deaconesses was not substantial. The role of the deaconess, though attractive to many religious women and men, was constrained by its perceived similarity to community-centred religious life (that of both Anglican and Roman Catholic nuns and sisters). Links with Kaiserswerth were important to the early beginning of many deaconess communities, but the need to distance the movement from ‘foreign’ elements echoed the cultural undercurrents which limited its growth and influence. Deaconess nursing was an important early means of ministerial outreach but its institutional form waned in some quarters by the end of the nineteenth century. The marginalisation of deaconess nursing, particularly in its institutional forms – the core concern of this article – was a result of the interplay between the religious mission of deaconesses and the developing sophistication of the medical marketplace.

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