Cognitive inflexibility in OCD and related disorders

Chamberlain, S.R. and Solly, J.E. and Hook, R.W. and Vaghi, Matilde M. and Robbins, T.W. (2021) Cognitive inflexibility in OCD and related disorders. In: Fineberg, N.A. and Robbins, T. (eds.) The Neurobiology and Treatment of OCD: Accelerating Progress. Current Topics in Behavioral Neurosciences 49. Springer, pp. 125-145. ISBN 9783030753924.

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Official URL: https://doi.org/10.1007/7854_2020_198

Abstract

Cognitive inflexibility is suggested by the hallmark symptoms of obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), namely the occurrence of repetitive thoughts and/or behaviours that persist despite being functionally impairing and egodystonic to the individual. As well as being implied by the top-level symptoms, cognitive inflexibility in OCD, and some related conditions, has also been objectively quantified in case–control studies using computerised cognitive tasks. This chapter begins by considering the objective measurement of different aspects of cognitive flexibility using neuropsychological paradigms, with a focus on neural and neurochemical substrates. It moves on to conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis of findings from a widely deployed flexibility task: the Intra-Dimensional/Extra-Dimensional Set-Shift Task (IDED). By pooling data from 11 studies (335 OCD patients and 311 controls), we show that Extra-Dimensional (ED) shift deficits are a robust and reproducible finding (effect size medium–large) in OCD across the literature, and that this deficit is not attributable to group differences in age or IQ. The OCD ED deficit is then discussed in terms of dysfunction of fronto-striatal pathways (as exemplified, for example, by functional connectivity data), and the putative role of different neurotransmitters. We consider evidence that impaired ED shifting constitutes a candidate vulnerability marker (or ‘endophenotype’) for OCD. The available literature is then surveyed as to ED findings in other obsessive-compulsive (OC) related disorders (e.g. hoarding, body-dysmorphic disorder, and trichotillomania), as well as in non-OC disorders (schizophrenia and anxiety symptoms in general). Lastly, we consider more recent, emerging developments in the quantification of compulsivity using cognitive tasks and questionnaires, as well as key directions for future research, including the need to refine compulsivity and its composite cognitive processes.

Metadata

Item Type:	Book Section
School:	Birkbeck Faculties and Schools > Faculty of Science > School of Psychological Sciences
Depositing User:	Matilde Vaghi
Date Deposited:	15 Feb 2024 08:47
Last Modified:	15 Feb 2024 08:47
URI:	https://eprints.bbk.ac.uk/id/eprint/53061

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