Frenz, Marion and Lambert, Ray (2008) Mapping closed and open innovation practices: a comparison across nine countries based on micro-level innovation survey data. Working Paper. Dynamics of Institutions of Markets in Europe.
Abstract
This paper sets about identifying different and complex innovation practices across nine countries by exploring data from firm level innovation surveys conducted in nine countries: Austria, Brazil, Canada, Denmark, France, New Zealand, Norway, South Korea and the United Kingdom. Our results suggest that innovating firms in these countries adopt one or more of the following innovation modes: (i) ‘new-to-market innovating’, (ii) ‘marketing based imitating’, (iii) ‘process modernising’, (iv) ‘wider innovating’. The extent to which IPRs, external technology, design or marketing activities play a role in these innovation practices varies across countries. For example, in Austria, Denmark and New Zealand diffused technology (externally acquired R&D) is used together with own technology in bringing about novel products, suggesting a more open innovation pattern. In contrast, among firms in France, New Zealand and the UK we identify a greater reliance on IPRs (e.g. patents, copyrights and design registrations) while at the same time omitting externally acquired technologies. The latter may be interpreted as leaning towards a closed approach to innovation among a group of firms.
Metadata
| Item Type: | Monograph (Working Paper) |
|---|---|
| Additional Information: | JEL classification: O12; O57; O32 |
| School: | Birkbeck Faculties and Schools > Faculty of Business and Law > Birkbeck Business School |
| Research Centres and Institutes: | Innovation Management Research, Birkbeck Centre for |
| Depositing User: | Sarah Hall |
| Date Deposited: | 11 Sep 2014 15:39 |
| Last Modified: | 02 Aug 2023 17:12 |
| URI: | https://eprints.bbk.ac.uk/id/eprint/10509 |
Statistics
Additional statistics are available via IRStats2.
Archive Staff Only (login required)
