Cross-cultural validation of the Compulsive Internet Use Scale in four forms and eight languages

Lopez-Fernandez, O. and Griffiths, M.D. and Kuss, D.J. and Dawes, C. and Pontes, Halley and Justice, L. and Rumpf, H.-J. and Bischof, A. and Gässler, A.-K. and Suryani, E. and Männikkö, N. and Kääriänen, M. and Romo, L. and Morvan, Y. and Kern, L. and Graziani, P. and Rousseau, A. and Hormes, J.M. and Schimmenti, A. and Passanisi, A. and Demetrovics, Z. and Király, O. and Lelonek-Kuleta, B. and Chwaszcz, J. and Dufour, M. and Ponce Terashima, J. and Chóliz, M. and Zacarés, J.J. and Serra, E. and Rochat, L. and Zullino, D. and Achab, S. and Landrø, N.I. and Billieux, J. (2019) Cross-cultural validation of the Compulsive Internet Use Scale in four forms and eight languages. Cyberpsychology, Behavior, and Social Networking 22 (7), pp. 451-464. ISSN 2152-2715.

Abstract

The 14-item Compulsive Internet Use Scale (CIUS) is one of the most frequently internationally adapted psychometric instruments developed to assess generalised problematic internet use. Multiple adaptations of this instrument have led to versions in different languages (e.g., Arabic and French), and different numbers of items (e.g., from five to 16 items instead of the original 14). However, to date, the CIUS has never been simultaneously compared and validated in several languages and different versions. Consequently, the present study tested the psychometric properties of four CIUS versions (i.e., CIUS-14, CIUS-9, CIUS-7, CIUS-5) across eight languages (i.e., German, French, English, Finnish, Spanish, Italian, Polish, and Hungarian) in order to (i) examinetheir psychometric properties, and (ii) test their measurement invariance. These analyses also identified the most optimal versions of the CIUS. The data were collected via online surveys administered to 4,226 voluntary participants from 15 countries, aged at least 18 years, and recruited from academic environments. All brief versions of the CIUS in all eight languages were validated. Dimensional, configural, and metric invariance were established across all languages for the CIUS-5, CIUS-7, and the CIUS-9, but the CIUS-5 and the CIUS-7 were slightly more suitable because their model fitted the ordinal estimate better, while for cross-comparisons the CIUS-9 was slightly better. The brief versions of the CIUS are therefore reliable and structurally stable instruments that can be used for cross-cultural research across adult populations.

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