Processing of social and monetary rewards in autism spectrum disorder

Baumeister, S. and Moessnang, C. and Bast, N. and Hohmann, S. and Aggensteiner, P. and Kaiser, A. and Tillmann, J. and Goyard, D. and Charman, T. and Ambrosino, S. and Baron-Cohen, S. and Beckmann, C. and Bölte, S. and Bourgeron, T. and Rausch, A. and Crawley, D. and Dell’Acqua, F. and Dumas, G. and Durston, S. and Ecker, C. and Floris, D.L. and Frouin, V. and Hayward, H. and Holt, R. and Johnson, Mark H. and Jones, Emily J.H. and Lai, M.-C. and Lombardo, M.V. and Mason, L. and Oakley, B. and Oldehinkel, M. and Persico, A.M. and San José Cáceres, A. and Wolfers, T. and Loth, E. and Murphy, D.G.M. and Buitelaar, J.K. and Tost, H. and Meyer-Lindenberg, A. and Banaschewski, T. and Brandeis, D. (2023) Processing of social and monetary rewards in autism spectrum disorder. British Journal of Psychiatry 222 (3), pp. 100-111. ISSN 0007-1250.

Abstract

Background: Reward processing has been proposed to underpin the atypical social feature of autism spectrum disorder (ASD). However, previous neuroimaging studies have yielded inconsistent results regarding the specificity of atypicalities for social reward processing in ASD. Aims: Utilizing a large sample, we aimed to assess reward processing in response to reward type (social, monetary) and reward phase (anticipation, delivery) in ASD. Method: Functional magnetic resonance imaging during social and monetary reward anticipation and delivery was performed in 212 individuals with ASD (7.6-30.5 years) and 181 typically developing (TD) participants (7.6-30.8 years). Results: Across social and monetary reward anticipation, whole-brain analyses showed hypoactivation of the right ventral striatum (VS) in ASD compared to TD. Further, region of interest (ROI) analysis across both reward types yielded ASD-related hypoactivation in both the left and right VS. Across delivery of social and monetary reward, hyperactivation of the VS in individuals with ASD did not survive correction for multiple comparisons. Dimensional analyses of autism and attentiondeficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) scores were not significant. In categorical analyses, post-hoc comparisons showed that ASD-effects were most pronounced in participants with ASD without cooccurring ADHD.

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