The use of geochemistry for placing constraints on mantle melting processes and the evolution of mantle heterogeneity

Jenner, F.E. and Jennings, Eleanor (2024) The use of geochemistry for placing constraints on mantle melting processes and the evolution of mantle heterogeneity. In: Anbar, A.D. and Weis, D. (eds.) Treatise on Geochemistry, Third Edition. Elsevier. ISBN 9780323997621.

Abstract

In this Chapter we provide examples regarding how researchers use the major element, trace element and radiogenic isotope compositions of volcanic rocks, together with experimental constraints, to distinguish which modern and ancient magmatic processes contribute to the compositional heterogeneity displayed by mantle-derived rocks. These processes include: extraction of melts from the mantle to produce oceanic and continental crust and complementary depleted mantle reservoirs; fertilization of the mantle by migrating basaltic melts; and recycling of crust back into the mantle during subduction and delamination. We provide a critical assessment regarding the use of various proxies and modelling techniques for placing constraints on the magmatic processes that contribute to the heterogeneity in compositions of magmas erupting at oceanic plateaus, mid-ocean ridges and oceanic islands. In particular, we demonstrate that the expected variability in the partitioning of elements by minerals in the mantle and crust, make it difficult to distinguish between the plethora of processes that have been suggested to contribute to the evolution of mantle heterogeneity.

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