Geometric distortion insensitive image watermarking in affine covariant regions

Gao, X. and Deng, C. and Li, Xuelong and Tao, D. (2010) Geometric distortion insensitive image watermarking in affine covariant regions. IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics, Part C (Applications and Reviews) 40 (3), pp. 278-286. ISSN 1094-6977.

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Official URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/TSMCC.2009.2037512

Abstract

Feature-based image watermarking schemes, which aim to survive various geometric distortions, have attracted great attention in recent years. Existing schemes have shown robustness against rotation, scaling, and translation, but few are resistant to cropping, nonisotropic scaling, random bending attacks (RBAs), and affine transformations. Seo and Yoo present a geometrically invariant image watermarking based on affine covariant regions (ACRs) that provide a certain degree of robustness. To further enhance the robustness, we propose a new image watermarking scheme on the basis of Seo's work, which is insensitive to geometric distortions as well as common image processing operations. Our scheme is mainly composed of three components: 1) feature selection procedure based on graph theoretical clustering algorithm is applied to obtain a set of stable and nonoverlapped ACRs; 2) for each chosen ACR, local normalization, and orientation alignment are performed to generate a geometrically invariant region, which can obviously improve the robustness of the proposed watermarking scheme; and 3) in order to prevent the degradation in image quality caused by the normalization and inverse normalization, indirect inverse normalization is adopted to achieve a good compromise between the imperceptibility and robustness. Experiments are carried out on an image set of 100 images collected from Internet, and the preliminary results demonstrate that the developed method improves the performance over some representative image watermarking approaches in terms of robustness.

Metadata

Item Type:	Article
School:	Birkbeck Faculties and Schools > Faculty of Science > School of Computing and Mathematical Sciences
Depositing User:	Sarah Hall
Date Deposited:	20 Jun 2013 13:22
Last Modified:	09 Aug 2023 12:33
URI:	https://eprints.bbk.ac.uk/id/eprint/7539

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