Article

Etzkowitz, H. and Weston-smith, M. and Beddows, J. and Albats, E. and Lawton Smith, Helen and Wilkinson, J. and Miller, J. and Gardner, C. and Foster Palmer, Emma and Zhou, C. (2023) University Venture Capital in Big Data, Regional and Historical Perspective: Where and Why Has It Arisen? Venture Capital , ISSN 1369-1066.

Lawton Smith, Helen (2023) Public spaces, equality, diversity and inclusion: connecting disabled entrepreneurs to urban spaces. Land 12 (4), p. 873. ISSN 2073-445X.

Rossi, Federica and Baines, Ning and Lawton Smith, Helen (2023) Which regional conditions facilitate university spinouts retention and attraction? Regional Studies 57 (6), pp. 1096-1112. ISSN 0034-3404.

Bagchi-Sen, Sharmistha and Baines, Ning and Lawton Smith, Helen (2022) Characteristics and outputs of university spin-offs in the United Kingdom. International Regional Science Review 45 (6), pp. 606-635. ISSN 0160-0176.

Lawton Smith, Helen and Leydesdorff, L. (2022) Have quadruple and quintuple helices emerged? Metaphors, project titles, and empirical research. Triple Helix 9 (2), pp. 174-183. ISSN 2197-1927.

Leydesdorff, L. and Lawton Smith, Helen (2022) Triple, quadruple, and higher-order helices: historical phenomena and (neo-)evolutionary models. Triple Helix 9 (1), pp. 6-31. ISSN 2197-1927.

Assimakopoulos, D. and Lawton Smith, Helen and Baines, N. and Romeo, S. and Tsouri, M. (2022) Oxford and Grenoble: multiple anchors, strong dyadic relationships and national policy in fostering cluster architectures. Regional Studies 56 (10), pp. 1618-1632. ISSN 1360-0591.

Breznitz, S. and Lawton Smith, Helen and Bagchi-Sen, S. (2022) The contribution of students to regional economies: reframing the regional innovation systems approach. Regional Studies 56 (6), pp. 885-891. ISSN 0034-3404.

Jelfs, Peter and Lawton Smith, Helen (2021) Financial performance studies of university spin-off companies in the West Midlands. Journal of Technology Transfer 46 , pp. 1949-1972. ISSN 1573-7047.

Owalla, B. and Vorley, T. and Coogan, T. and Lawton Smith, Helen and Wing, K. (2021) Absent or overlooked? Promoting diversity among entrepreneurs with public support needs. International Journal of Entrepreneurial Venturing 13 (3), pp. 231-261. ISSN 1742-5360.

Lawton Smith, Helen and Waters, R. (2021) Universities, local labour markets and regional economic development. International Journal of Entrepreneurship & Small Business 42 (1/2), pp. 8-26. ISSN 1476-1297.

Gray, G. and Lawton Smith, Helen (2020) Experience versus youth: an exploratory study of the motivations of older entrepreneurs. Strategic Change: Briefings in Entrepreneurial Finance 29 (6), pp. 713-724. ISSN 1099-1697.

Lawton Smith, Helen and Assimakopoulos, D. (2020) ‘Islands of Innovation’ and diversities of innovation in the UK and France. UCJC Business & Society Review 17 (2), pp. 18-35. ISSN 2659-3270.

Baines, N. and Lawton Smith, Helen (2020) Knowledge and capabilities for products/services development: the UK spin-off firms context. Journal Of Knowledge Management 24 (4), pp. 941-962. ISSN 1367-3270.

Savic, Maja and Lawton Smith, Helen and Bournakis, Ioannis (2020) Innovation and external knowledge sources in Knowledge Intensive Business Services (KIBS): evidence from de-industrialised UK regions. Entrepreneurship & Regional Development 32 (9-10), pp. 805-826. ISSN 0898-5626.

Lawton Smith, Helen and Baines, N. (2019) Key driving factors for product and service innovations in UK university spinoffs. Industry and Higher Education 33 (3), pp. 161-171. ISSN 0950-4222.

Edmunds, L.D. and Gluderer, S. and Ovseiko, P.V. and Kamerling, R. and Ton, J. and Vis, L. and Jenni, M. and Tutton, G. and Lawton Smith, Helen and Nadabán, M.V. and Rab, M. and Rees, J. and Anson, J. and Rushforth, A.D. and Allen, M. and Buchan, A.M. and Vendrell, M. and Casta, A. and Mehes, G. and Hogendoorn, P.C.W. and Hafen, E. and Hassan, A.B. (2019) New indicators and indexes for benchmarking university–industry–government innovation in medical and life science clusters: results from the European FP7 Regions of Knowledge HealthTIES project. Health Research Policy and Systems 17 (1), ISSN 1478-4505.

Lawton Smith, Helen and Bagchi-Sen, S. and Edmunds, L. (2017) Innovation cycles and geographies of innovation: a study of healthcare innovation in Europe. European Urban and Regional Studies 25 (4), pp. 405-422. ISSN 0969-7764.

Meschitti, Viviana and Lawton Smith, Helen (2017) Does mentoring make a difference for women academics? Evidence from the literature and a guide for future research. Journal of Research in Gender Studies 7 (1), pp. 166-199. ISSN 2164-0262.

Lawton Smith, Helen and Bagchi-Sen, S. and Edmunds, L. (2016) Innovation capacity in the healthcare sector and historical anchors: examples from the UK, Switzerland and the US. The Journal of Technology Transfer 41 (6), pp. 1420-1439. ISSN 0892-9912.

Ovseiko, P.V. and Greenhalgh, T. and Adam, P. and Grant, J. and Hinrichs-Krapels, S. and Graham, K.E.A. and Valentine, P.A. and Sued, O. and Boukhris, O.F. and Al Olaqi, N.M. and Al Rahbi, I.S. and Dowd, A.-M. and Bice, S. and Heiden, T.L. and Fischer, M.D. and Dopson, S. and Norton, R. and Pollitt, A. and Wooding, S. and Balling, G.V. and Jakobsen, U. and Kuhlman, E. and Klinge, I. and Pololi, L.H. and Jags, R. and Lawton Smith, Helen and Etzkowitz, Henry and Nielsen, M.W. and Carrion, C. and Solans‐Domènech, M. and Vizcaino, E. and Naing, L. and Cheok, Q.H.N. and Eckelmann, B. and Simuyemba, M.C. and Msiska, T. and Declich, G. and Edmunds, L.D. and Kiparoglou, V. and Buchan, A.M.J. and Williamson, C. and Lord, G.M. and Channon, K.M. and Surender, R. and Buchan, A.M. (2016) A global call for action to include gender in research impact assessment. Health Research Policy and Systems 14 , ISSN 1478-4505.

Lock, Rachael and Lawton Smith, Helen (2016) The impact of female entrepreneurship on economic growth in Kenya. International Journal of Gender and Entrepreneurship 8 (1), pp. 90-96. ISSN 1756-6266.

Lawton Smith, Helen and Romeo, Saverio (2015) Regional environments and sector developments: the biotech sector in Oxfordshire. Journal of the Knowledge Economy 7 (4), pp. 905-919. ISSN 1868-7865.

Trippl, M. and Sinozic, T. and Lawton Smith, Helen (2015) The role of universities in regional development: conceptual models and policy institutions in the UK, Sweden and Austria. European Planning Studies 23 (9), pp. 1722-1740. ISSN 0965-4313.

Lawton Smith, Helen and Waters, R. (2015) Regional synergies in Triple Helix regions: the case of local economic development policies in Oxfordshire, UK. Industry and Higher Education 29 (1), pp. 25-35. ISSN 0950-4222.

Lawton Smith, Helen and Meschitti, Viviana (2015) Transforming Institutions by Gendering Contents and Gaining Equality in Research (TRIGGER). International Journal of Gender and Entrepreneurship 7 (3), ISSN 1756-6266.

Lawton Smith, Helen and Chapman, D. and Wood, P. and Barnes, T. and Romeo, S. (2014) Entrepreneurial academics and regional innovation systems: the case of spin-offs from London's universities. Environment and Planning C: Government and Policy 32 (2), pp. 341-359. ISSN 0263-774X.

Bagchi-Sen, S. and Lawton Smith, Helen (2014) Firm heterogeneity in biotech: absorptive capacity, strategies, and local-regional connections. European Planning Studies 22 (9), pp. 1783-1801. ISSN 0965-4313.

Sompong, K. and Igel, B. and Lawton Smith, Helen (2014) Strategic alliance motivation for technology commercialization and product development. Management Research Review 37 (6), pp. 518-537. ISSN 2040-8269.

Lawton Smith, Helen and Leydesdorff, L. (2014) The Triple Helix in the context of global change: dynamics and challenges. Prometheus 32 (4), pp. 321-336. ISSN 0810-9028.

Lawton Smith, Helen and Glasson, J. and Romeo, Saverio and Waters, Rupert and Chadwick, A. (2013) Entrepreneurial regions: evidence from Oxfordshire and Cambridgeshire. Social Science Information 52 (4), pp. 653-673. ISSN 0539-0184.

Bagchi-Sen, S. and Lawton Smith, Helen (2012) The role of the university as an agent of regional economic development. Geography Compass 6 (7), pp. 439-453. ISSN 1749-8198.

Kianfar, M. and Lawton Smith, Helen and Milana, C. (2012) How to sustain entrepreneurial performance during the current financial crisis. Strategic Change: Briefings in Entrepreneurial Finance 21 (1-2), pp. 1-13. ISSN 1099-1697.

Lawton Smith, Helen (2012) Business and professional networks: scope and outcomes in Oxfordshire. Environment and Planning A 44 (8), 1801 -1818. ISSN 0308-518x.

Danish, A.Y. and Lawton Smith, Helen (2012) Female entrepreneurship in Saudi Arabia: opportunities and challenges. International Journal of Gender and Entrepreneurship 4 (3), pp. 216-235. ISSN 1756-6266.

Lawton Smith, Helen and Bagchi-Sen, S. (2012) The research university, entrepreneurship and regional development: research propositions and current evidence. Entrepreneurship & Regional Development 24 (5-6), pp. 383-404. ISSN 0898-5626.

Lawton Smith, Helen (2011) Imprese ad alta tecnologia, università e sviluppo nella regione di Oxford. Stato e mercato (3), pp. 451-478. ISSN 0392-9701.

Chapman, D. and Lawton Smith, Helen and Wood, P. and Barnes, T. and Romeo, S. (2011) University enterprise: the growth and impact of university-related companies in London. Industry and Higher Education 25 (6), pp. 483-492. ISSN 0950-4222.

Asheim, B.T. and Lawton Smith, Helen and Oughton, Christine (2011) Regional innovation systems: theory, empirics and policy. Regional Studies 45 (7), pp. 875-891. ISSN 0034-3404.

Lawton Smith, Helen and Waters, R. (2011) Scientific labour markets, networks and regional innovation systems. Regional Studies 45 (7), pp. 961-978. ISSN 0034-3404.

Lawton Smith, Helen and Bagchi-Sen, S. (2010) Triple helix and regional development: a perspective from Oxfordshire in the UK. Technology Analysis & Strategic Management 22 (7), pp. 805-818. ISSN 0953-7325.

Lawton Smith, Helen and Romeo, S. and Bagchi-Sen, S. (2009) Oxfordshire Biomedical University spin-offs: an evolving system. Cambridge Journal of Regions, Economy & Society 1 (2), pp. 303-319. ISSN 1752-1378.

Lawton Smith, Helen (2009) Technicians: skills, age and gender profiles and training implications in Oxfordshire. Professional Geographer 61 (1), pp. 59-69. ISSN 0033-0124.

Bagchi-Sen, S. and Lawton Smith, Helen (2008) Science, institutions, and markets: developments in the Indian biotechnology sector. Regional Studies 42 (7), pp. 961-975. ISSN 0034-3404.

Chadwick, A. and Glasson, J. and Lawton Smith, Helen (2008) Employment growth in knowledge-intensive business services in Great Britain during the 1990s – variations at the regional and sub-regional level. Local Economy 23 (1), pp. 6-18. ISSN 0269-0942.

Waters, R. and Lawton Smith, Helen (2008) Social networks in high technology local economies: the cases of Oxfordshire and Cambridgeshire. European Urban & Regional Studies 15 (1), pp. 21-37. ISSN 0969-7764.

Bagchi-Sen, S. and Lawton Smith, Helen (2008) Institutions, industry and barriers in the biotechnology sector: developed-developing country perspectives. Regional Studies 42 (7), pp. 961-975. ISSN 0034-3404.

Lawton Smith, Helen (2007) Universities, innovation, and territorial development: a review of the evidence. Environment and Planning C: Government and Policy 25 (1), pp. 98-114. ISSN 0263-774X.

Glasson, J. and Chadwick, A. and Lawton Smith, Helen (2006) Defining, explaining and managing high-tech growth: the case of Oxfordshire. European Planning Studies 14 (4), pp. 503-524. ISSN 0965-4313.

Lawton Smith, Helen and Ho, K. (2006) Measuring the performance of Oxford University, Oxford Brookes University and the government laboratories’ spin-off companies. Research Policy 35 (10), pp. 1554-1568. ISSN 0048-7333.

Lawton Smith, Helen and Waters, R. (2005) Employment mobility in high-technology agglomerations: the cases of Oxfordshire and Cambridgeshire. Area 37 (2), pp. 189-198. ISSN 0004-0894.

Lawton Smith, Helen and Bagchi-Sen, S. (2004) Innovation geographies: international perspectives on research, product development, and commercialisation of biotechnologies. Environment and Planning C: Government and Policy 22 (2), pp. 159-160. ISSN 0263-774X.

Bagchi-Sen, S. and Lawton Smith, Helen and Hall, L. (2004) The US biotechnology industry: industry dynamics and policy. Environment and Planning C: Government and Policy 22 (2), pp. 199-216. ISSN 0263-774X.

Lawton Smith, Helen (2004) The biotechnology industry in Oxfordshire: enterprise and innovation. European Planning Studies 12 (7), pp. 985-1001. ISSN 0965-4313.

Lawton Smith, Helen and Tracey, P. and Clark, G.L. (2003) European policy and the regions: a review and analysis of tensions. European Planning Studies 11 (7), pp. 859-873. ISSN 0965-4313.

Waters, R. and Lawton Smith, Helen (2002) Regional development agencies and local economic development: scale and competitiveness in high-technology Oxfordshire and Cambridgeshire. European Planning Studies 10 (5), pp. 633-649. ISSN 0965-4313.

Lawton Smith, Helen (1993) Externalization of research and development in Europe. European Planning Studies 1 (4), pp. 465-482. ISSN 0965-4313.

Book Section

Lawton Smith, Helen and De Silva, Muthu (2022) Future entrepreneurs: exploring paradigms in the entrepreneurial learning experience. In: Henry, C. and Casqueria Coelho Gabriel, B. and Sailer, K. and Bernado-Mansilla, E. and Lahikainen, K. (eds.) Strategies for the Creation and Maintenance of Entrepreneurial Universities. London: IGI Global, pp. 168-193. ISBN 9781799874560.

Lawton Smith, Helen and Henry, C. and Ezkowitz, H. and Poulovassilis, Alexandra (2020) Introduction: pipeline break. In: Lawton Smith, Helen and Henry, C. and Ezkowitz, H. and Poulovassilis, Alexandra (eds.) Gender, Science and Innovation. Cheltenham, UK: Edward Elgar, pp. 1-14. ISBN 9781786438966.

Lawton Smith, Helen and Meschitti, Viviana and Le Roux, Jeanne and Panton, Mark and Baines, Ning and Poulovassilis, Alexandra and Henry, C. (2020) Gender differences in the commercialisation of research: a study in UK universities. In: Lawton Smith, Helen and Etzkowitz, H. and Henry, C. and Poulovassilis, Alexandra (eds.) Gender, Science and Innovation. Cheltenham, UK: Edward Elgar, pp. 242-260. ISBN 9781786438966.

Henry, C. and Lawton Smith, Helen and Meschitti, Viviana and Foss, L. and McGowan, P. (2020) Networking, gender and academia: an ecosystems approach. In: Lawton Smith, Helen and Etzkowitz, H. and Henry, C. and Poulovassilis, Alexandra (eds.) Gender, Science and Innovation. Cheltenham, UK: Edward Elgar, pp. 146-167. ISBN 9781786438966.

Potter, Jonathan and Lawton Smith, Helen (2019) Smart specialisation in lagging regions - insights from two Polish regions. In: Barzotto, M. and Corradini, C. and Fai, F. and Labory, S. and Tomlinson, P,R. (eds.) Revitalising Lagging Regions: Smart Specialisation and Industry 4.0. Regional Studies Policy Impact Books. Taylor and Francis, pp. 43-53. ISBN 9780367422714.

Lawton Smith, Helen (2018) Entrepreneurship policies and the development of regional innovation systems: theory, policy and practice. In: Isaksen, A. and Martin, R. and Trippl, M. (eds.) New Avenues for Regional Innovation Systems - Theoretical Advances, Empirical Cases and Policy Lessons. New York, U.S.: Springer, pp. 239-256. ISBN 9783319716619.

Lawton Smith, Helen and Trippl, M. and Waters, R. and Zukauskaite, E. (2018) Policies for new path development: the case of Oxfordshire. In: Isaksen, A. and Martin, R. and Trippl, M. (eds.) New Avenues for Regional Innovation Systems - Theoretical Advances, Empirical Cases and Policy Lessons. New York, U.S.: Springer, pp. 295-314. ISBN 9783319716602.

Lawton Smith, Helen and Etzkowitz, Henry and Meschitti, Viviana and Poulovassilis, Alexandra (2017) Female academic entrepreneurship: Reviewing the evidence and identifying the challenges. In: Henry, C. and Nelson, T. and Lewis, K. (eds.) The Routledge Companion to Global Female Entrepreneurship. Abingdon, UK: Routledge. ISBN 9781138015180.

Lawton Smith, Helen (2016) Entrepreneurial regions in theory and policy practice. In: Shearmu, R. and Carrincazeaux, C. and Doloreux, D. (eds.) Handbook on the Geographies of Innovation. Edward Elgar Publishing, pp. 334-350. ISBN 9781784710767.

Lawton Smith, Helen (2016) Global economic crises and local fortunes: the case of Oxfordshire and Buckinghamshire. In: Begley, J. and Coffey, D. and Donnelly, T. and Thornley, C. (eds.) Global Economic Crisis and Local Economic Development: International cases and policy responses. Routledge Studies in the Modern World Economy. Abingdon, UK: Routledge, pp. 30-46. ISBN 9780415870368.

Lindholm Dahlstrand, Å.T. and Lawton Smith, Helen and Baines, N. (2016) Academic entrepreneurship: spin-offs in Sweden and the UK. In: Audretsch, D. and Lehmann, E. and Meoli, M. and Vismara, S. (eds.) University Evolution, Entrepreneurial Activity and Regional Competitiveness. International Studies in Entrepreneurship 32. Springer, pp. 127-150. ISBN 9783319177120.

Lawton Smith, Helen and Glasson, J. (2016) UK university models of technology transfer in a global economy. In: Breznitz, S.M. and Etzkowitz, Henry (eds.) University Technology Transfer: The globalization of academic innovation. Routledge Studies in Global Competition. Abingdon, UK: Routledge, pp. 179-201. ISBN 9780415714686.

Waters, R. and Lawton Smith, Helen (2012) High technology local economies: geographical mobility of the highly skilled. In: Hilpert, U. and Lawton Smith, Helen (eds.) Networking Regionalised Innovative Labour Markets. Regions and Cities. Abingdon, UK: Routledge, pp. 96-116. ISBN 9780415683562.

Hilpert, U. and Lawton Smith, Helen (2012) Selected places for attracted labour: islands of innovation as carriers of knowledge for science-based development. In: Hilpert, U. and Lawton Smith, Helen (eds.) Networking Regionalised Innovative Labour Markets. Regions and Cities. Abingdon, UK: Routledge, pp. 189-200. ISBN 9780415683562.

Lawton Smith, Helen (2008) Inter-firm networks in high-tech clusters. In: Karlsson, C. (ed.) Handbook of Research on Innovation and Clusters: Cases and Policies. Cheltenham, UK: Edward Elgar, pp. 107-123. ISBN 9781847208422.

Monograph

Lawton Smith, Helen and Mansour, Dina (2022) Addressing regional inequalities in innovation opportunities for ethnically diverse and disabled entrepreneurs. Project Report. CIMR, Birkbeck, University of London, London, UK. (Unpublished)

Potter, J. and Lawton Smith, Helen (2022) Applying the entrepreneurial ecosystem concept to regional entrepreneurship policy analysis – a critique. Working Paper. CIMR, Birkbeck, University of London, London, UK.

Seyyide, Ayse and Lawton Smith, Helen (2022) Engaged scholarship: addressing regional inequalities in innovation opportunities for BAME and disabled entrepreneurs. Project Report. Birkbeck, University of London, Oxford, UK.

Lawton Smith, Helen (2022) The TRansforming Institutions by Gendering contents and Gaining Equality in Research (TRIGGER): project report. Project Report. Birkbeck, University of London, London, UK.

Lawton Smith, Helen and Owalla, B. (2021) Mapping ethnic minority women entrepreneurs’ support initiatives: experiences from the UK. Working Paper. Birkbeck, University of London, London, UK.

Romeo, Saverio and Lawton Smith, Helen and Carmel, E. and Slater, John (2021) The emerging quantum technology industry: capital cities, entrepreneurship, and policy. Working Paper. Birkbeck, University of London, London, UK.

Lawton Smith, Helen (2021) Addressing regional inequalities in innovation opportunities for BAME and disabled groups: the university sector. Technical Report. Centre for Innovation Management Research, London, UK.

Lawton Smith, Helen and Gray, G. (2020) Experience versus youth: an exploratory study of the motivations of older entrepreneurs. Working Paper. Birkbeck, University of London, London, UK.

Lawton Smith, Helen and Waters, R. (2019) Universities, graduates and local labour markets. Working Paper. Birkbeck College, University of London, London, UK.

Lawton Smith, Helen (2017) Entrepreneurship policies and the development of regional innovation systems: theory, policy and practice. Working Paper. Birkbeck College, University of London, London, UK.

Lawton Smith, Helen and Bagchi-Sen, S. and Edmunds, L. (2016) Science, innovation and technology transfer pathways in translational research: a study of divergent trajectories in the healthcare sector in Europe. Working Paper. Birkbeck College, University of London, London, UK.

Lock, Rachael and Lawton Smith, Helen (2015) The impact of female entrepreneurship on economic growth in Kenya. Working Paper. Birkbeck College, University of London, London, UK.

Savic, Maja and Lawton Smith, Helen and Bournakis, I. (2014) The effect of external knowledge sources and their geography on innovation in Knowledge Intensive Business Services (KIBS) SMEs; some implications for de-industrialised regions in the UK. Working Paper. Birkbeck College, University of London, London, UK.

Lawton Smith, Helen and Romeo, S. and Waters, R. (2013) Entrepreneurship, innovation and the triple helix model: evidence from Oxfordshire and Cambridgeshire. Working Paper. Birkbeck College, University of London, London, UK.

Waters, R. and Lawton Smith, Helen (2012) Clusters, human capital and economic development in Oxfordshire and Cambridgeshire. Working Paper. Birkbeck College, University of London, London, UK.

Glasson, J. and Downing, L. and Chadwick, A. and Lawton Smith, Helen (2007) The economic ecology of small businesses in Oxfordshire. Project Report. Oxford Economic Observatory, Oxford, UK.

Lawton Smith, Helen and Glasson, J. and Simmie, J. and Chadwick, A. and Clark, G. (2003) Enterprising Oxford, Vol. 1 - Growth of the Oxfordshire high-tech economy. Project Report. Oxford Economic Observatory, Oxford, UK.

Lawton Smith, Helen and Glasson, J. and Simmie, J. and Chadwick, A. and Clark, G. (2003) Enterprising Oxford, Vol. 2 - Anatomy of the Oxfordshire high-tech economy. Project Report. Oxford Economic Observatory, Oxford, UK.

Book

Hilpert, U. and Lawton Smith, Helen, eds. (2012) Networking regionalised innovative labour markets. Regions and Cities. Abingdon, UK: Routledge. ISBN 9780415683562.

Bagchi-Sen, S. and Lawton Smith, Helen, eds. (2006) Economic geography: past, present and future. Routledge Studies in Economic Geography. Abingdon, UK: Routledge, pp. 189-200. ISBN 9780415367844.

Abraham, J. and Lawton Smith, Helen, eds. (2003) Regulation of the pharmaceutical industry. Studies in Regulation. Basingstoke, UK: Palgrave Macmillan. ISBN 9780333790441.

Lawton Smith, Helen, ed. (2001) The regulation of science and technology. Studies in Regulation. Basingstoke, UK: Palgrave Macmillan. ISBN 9780333790458.